Perjanjian Persekutuan Tanah Melayu 1948

Perjanjian Persekutuan Tanah Melayu 1948 Ditandatangani Oleh Raja-raja Melayu dan Pesuruhjaya Tinggi British Di King’s House, Kuala Lumpur

Pada 21 Januari 1948, Bilik Santapan King’s House menjadi saksi detik bersejarah negara. Sebanyak 32 salinan Perjanjian Persekutuan Tanah Melayu ditandatangani — 16 dalam bahasa Melayu dan 16 dalam bahasa Inggeris. Daripada lembaran-lembarannya lahir Kerajaan Persekutuan Tanah Melayu yang menghimpunkan 11 negeri — sembilan negeri Melayu serta dua Negeri Selat iaitu Pulau Pinang dan Melaka.

Mula berkuat kuasa pada 1 Februari 1948, perjanjian ini membawa makna yang amat besar. Ia bukan sahaja membubarkan Malayan Union, malah menjadi lambang kemenangan sebuah bangsa yang bangkit mempertahankan maruah dan kedaulatannya. Di sinilah bermulanya asas kepada pembentukan sebuah negara, yang meletakkan batu pertama kepada sistem perlembagaan moden Tanah Melayu dan seterusnya Malaysia seperti yang kita kenali hari ini.

  1. HRH Sultan Sir Ibrahim Al-Masyhur ibni Sultan Sir Abu Bakar Al-Khalil Ibrahim Shah, Sultan of Johor
  2. HRH Sultan Sir Abu Bakar Ri’ayatu-din Al-Muazzam Shah Ibni Al-Marhum Sultan Sir Abdullah Al-mu’tassim Bi’llah Shah, Sultan of Pahang
  3. Negeri Sembilan:
    HRH Tuanku Abdul Rahman Ibni Al-Marhum Tuanku Muhammad, Yang di-Pertuan Besar of Negeri Sembilan
    • Dato’ Klana Petra Muhammad Kassim bin Dato’ Andulika Mandalika Haji Abdul Rashid, YTM Undang Luak Sungei Ujong
    • Dato’ Mendika Menteri Akhirulzaman Shahmaruddin bin Abdul Rahman, YTM Undang Luak Jelebu
    • Dato’ Johan Pahlawan Lela Perkasa Sitiawan Abdul Manap bin Tolok, YTM Undang Luak Johol
    • Dato’ Lela Maharaja Haji Ipap bin Abdullah, YTM Undang Luak Rembau
    • Tunku Syed Idrus bin Tunku Syed Muhammad al-Qadri, YTM Tunku Besar Tampin
  4. HRH Sultan Hisamuddin Alam Shah Ibni Al-Marhum Sultan Ala’eddin Sulaiman Shah, Sultan Selangor
  5. HRH Paduka Seri Sultan Abdul Aziz al-Mu’tasim Billah Shah Raja Abdul Aziz, Sultan Perak
  6. His Majesty Sultan Sir Badlishah Ibni Al-Marhum Sultan Sir Abdul Hamid Halim Shah, Sultan Kedah
  7. HRH Tuanku Syed Putra Jamalullail Ibni Al-Marhum Syed Hassan Jamalullail, Raja Perlis
  8. HRH Sultan Sir Ibrahim Ibni Al-Marhum Sultan Muhammad VI, Sultan Kelantan
  9. HRH Sultan Ismail Nasiruddin Ibni Al-Marhum Sultan Zainal Abidin, Sultan Terengganu

Manakala Pesuruhjaya Tinggi British merangkap Gabenor Malayan Union menurunkan tandatangan bagi pihak King George VI yang kuasanya turut meliputi Pulau Pinang dan Melaka.

Kesemua mereka menandatangani perjanjian tersebut di King’s House kecuali DYMM Sultan Sir Ibrahim Al-Masyhur ibni Sultan Sir Abu Bakar Al-Khalil Ibrahim Shah, Sultan Johor yang menandatanganinya di Johor kerana baginda gering dan tidak dapat berangkat ke Kuala Lumpur.

Turut hadir menyaksikan detik bersejarah ini adalah tokoh-tokoh Melayu yang memainkan peranan penting dalam rundingan perjanjian tersebut. Antaranya ialah perunding utama Dato’ Onn Jaafar yang juga Presiden UMNO pada ketika itu.

 

On 15 December 2025, Prime Minister Dato’ Seri Anwar bin Ibrahim signed a commemorative plaque marking the historic completion of the restoration of Seri Negara. The ceremony signified the return of this landmark building to the public following an extensive conservation effort led by Khazanah Nasional Berhad under Dana Warisan and Warisan KL.

In his address, the Prime Minister emphasised that the preservation of heritage is not merely an exercise in revisiting history, but an act of giving meaning to independence and national identity. He reminded the audience that freedom was never attained without sacrifice, noting that the nation’s story is marked by hardship and struggle — by sweat, blood and tears — and that younger generations must understand this inheritance.

Reflecting on the building’s past as a symbol of colonial elitism, he underscored that Seri Negara now carries renewed significance. No longer an exclusive enclave, it has been redefined as a space belonging to all. Within the framework of Malaysia MADANI, he stressed the principle of inclusivity, affirming that schoolchildren, young people and ordinary citizens must be able to claim this place as their own — as citizens of a sovereign and independent nation.

He further described the restoration as an endeavour to be enjoyed and embraced by all Malaysians, one in which they may take pride as an expression of the true meaning of independence.

This commemorative plaque therefore signifies more than a formal inauguration. It marks a profound shift in meaning — from a monument of colonial authority to a living, inclusive heritage landmark. It records the moment Seri Negara was reclaimed as a public cultural space, a platform for historical learning, and a symbol of national pride for present and future generations.

Grand Staircase

During the 1989 conversion of this building into a heritage boutique hotel, Seri Negara’s grand timber staircase was reconstructed to accommodate the new hotel layout. One of the key conservation achievements was the reinstatement of the staircase’s original orientation guided by archival research and early floor plans. The grand staircase now stands restored in locally sourced Merbau timber.

Porte Cochere Steps

Over the years, the lower steps at the Porte Cochere entrance had gradually been buried beneath raised road levels,obscuring the originalproportions. The profile of the steps was also altered and overlaid with new layers of mosaic and ceramic tiles. The restoration uncovered these steps and refurbished them to their original profile, revealing their authentic form once more.

Demolition of New Extensions

As part of the conservation works, physical extensions introduced over the years were carefully dismantled. The removal of these internal and external additions was essential to returning the building to its original massing and architectural integrity.

Reinstatement of Transom Windows

Old photographs and historical drawings provided vital evidence for restoring several framed transom windows to their original design.Louvered windows were replaced in accordance with authentic details, while corniceswere reconstructed based on the 1924 architectural drawings.

Building Materials Restoration

The timber flooringand supporting joists were restored using solid Merbau hardwood, while roof trusses and tiles were renewed to match the original materialsas closely as possible. The roof reinstatement included Marseille tiles, consistent with the building’s early fabric.

Senarai Nama

Penafian:
Senarai nama ini mengenal pasti Raja-raja Melayu dan wakil British yang duduk di barisan hadapan. Individu lain yang terdapat dalam gambar ini termasuk Menteri Besar, wakil Raja-raja Melayu, wakil Pertubuhan Kebangsaan Melayu Bersatu (UMNO), pegawai British, serta penasihat undang-undang. Sekiranya anda mengenali mana-mana individu yang tidak disenaraikan, sila maklumkan kepada petugas galeri. Terima kasih.

Barisan pertama, duduk dari kiri:

  1. YTM Undang Luak Rembau Dato’ Lela Maharaja Haji Ipap bin Abdullah
  2. YTM Undang Luak Jelebu Dato’ Mendika Menteri Akhirulzaman Shahmaruddin bin Abdul Rahman
  3. D.Y.M.M. Sultan Ismail Nasiruddin Ibni Al-Marhum Sultan Zainal Abidin (Negeri Sembilan)
  4. D.Y.M.M. Tuanku Syed Putra Jamalullail Ibni Al-Marhum Syed Hassan Jamalullail (Perlis)
  5. D.Y.M.M. Sultan Abdul Aziz al-Mu’tasim Billah Shah Raja Abdul Aziz (Perak)
  6. D.Y.M.M. Tuanku Abdul Rahman Ibni Al-Marhum Tuanku Muhammad (Yang-di-Pertuan Besar Negeri Sembilan)
  7. Sir Edward James Gent (Gabenor Malayan Union)
  8. D.Y.M.M. Sultan Sir Abu Bakar Ri’ayatu-din Al-Muazzam Shah Ibni Al-Marhum Sultan Sir Abdullah Al-mu’tassim Bi’llah Shah (Pahang)
  9. D.Y.M.M. Sultan Hisamuddin Alam Shah Ibni Al-Marhum Sultan Alaeiddin Sulaiman Shah (Selangor)
  10. D.Y.M.M. Sultan Sir Badlishah Ibni Al-Marhum Sultan Sir Abdul Hamid Halim Shah (Kedah)
  11. D.Y.M.M. Sultan Sir Ibrahim Ibni Al-Marhum Sultan Muhammad VI (Kelantan)
  12. YTM Undang Luak Sungai Ujong Dato’ Klana Petra Muhammad Kassim bin Dato’ Andulika Mandalika Haji Abdul Rashid
  13. YTM Undang Luak Johol Dato’ Johan Pahlawan Lela Perkasa Sitiawan Abdul Manap bin Tolok
  14. YTM Tunku Besar Tampin Tunku Syed Idrus bin Tunku Syed Muhammad al-Qadri

Barisan kedua, kelima dari kanan:

  1. Tan Sri Dato’ Sri Setia Raja Dato’ Haji Nik Ahmad Kamil bin Nik Mahmud (Dato’ Seri Setia Raja Kelantan)

Barisan kedua, kelapan dari kanan:

  1. Dato’ Sir Mohamad Sheriff Osman (Setiausaha Kerajaan Kedah)

Barisan terakhir, ketiga dari kanan:

  1. Dato’ Onn Jaafar (Menteri Besar Johor, Presiden UMNO)

Ahli Jawatankuasa

Ahli Jawatankuasa Kerja yang ditubuhkan pada 25 Julai 1946 untuk membincangkan asas Perjanjian Persekutuan Tanah Melayu 1948 terdiri daripada:

Menteri Besar (MB)

Jawatan Menteri Besar di Tanah Melayu bermula secara rasmi pada 1 Februari 1948, serentak dengan penubuhan Persekutuan Tanah Melayu bagi menggantikan Malayan Union, dengan Johor menjadi negeri pertama melaksanakannya. Mereka bertindak sebagai ketua eksekutif negeri di bawah naungan British, yang kemudiannya dipilih daripada parti majoriti selepas kemerdekaan 1957.

  • Tan Sri Dato’ Sri Setia Raja Dato’ Haji Nik Ahmad Kamil bin Nik Mahmud (MB Kelantan) 
  • Dato’ Sir Mohamad Sheriff Osman (MB Kedah)
  • Datuk Hamzah Abdullah (Orang kaya Menteri Besar Selangor)
  • Tan Sri Dato’ Seri Haji Abdul Wahab bin Abdul Aziz (MB Perak)
  • Dato’ Setia Wangsa Haji Sir Mahmud bin Mat (MB Pahang)
  • Tun Dato’ Maha Kurnia Abdul Malek bin Yusuf (MB Negeri Sembilan)
  • Tengku Muda Datuk Haji Sir Muhammad ibni Sultan Haji Sir Ahmad al-Mu’azzam Shah (MB Terengganu)
  • Dato’ Haji Raja Ahmad bin Raja Endut (MB Perlis)

Wakil Raja-raja Melayu

  • Raja Kamaralzaman Raja Ngah Mansur (Raja Kecil Tengah Perak)

Wakil UMNO

  • Dato’ Onn Jaafar
  • Dato’ Haji Abdul Rahman bin Mohamed Yassin
  • Dato’ Megat Yunus bin Megat Mohd Isa

Wakil Kerajaan British

  • Sir Alexander Theodore Newboult (Ketua Setiausaha Malayan Union)
  • Sir Kenneth Kennedy O’Connor (Peguam Negara Malayan Union)
  • W.D. Godsall (Setiausaha Kewangan)
  • Dr. W. Linehan – Malayan Civil Service (MCS)
  • Williams – Malayan Civil Service (MCS)
  • D.C Watherston (Setiausaha)

Penasihat Undang-undang

  • Sir Theodore Samuel Adams (Penasihat Raja-raja Melayu)
  • Sir Roland St. John Braddell (Penasihat Undang-undang UMNO)
  • Major General Sir Herbert Ralph Hone (Pemerhati dan wakil Gabenor Jeneral)

Pautan Berkaitan

Pautan ke laman sesawang Hari Ini Dalam Sejarah mengenai Pembentukan Persekutuan Tanah Melayu 1948:
https://hids.arkib.gov.my/#/site_vod_detail/76?prc=shw

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